There was a sense of emergency among leading politicians in France in the summer of 1793 between the widespread civil war and counter-revolution. See also: History of France § Counter-revolution subdued (July 1793 – April 1794) Historical caricature of the Reign of Terror Bertrand Barère by Jean-Louis Laneuville

An additional 10,000 to 12,000 people had been executed without trial and 10,000 had died in prison. By then, 16,594 official death sentences had been dispensed throughout France since June 1793, of which 2,639 were in Paris alone. Today there is consensus amongst French historians that the exceptional revolutionary measures continued after the death of Robespierre, and this subsequent period is now called the ' White Terror'. The term 'Terror' used to describe the period was introduced by the Thermidorian Reaction who took power after the fall of Maximilien Robespierre in July 1794, to discredit Robespierre and justify their actions. Others, however, cite the earlier time of the September Massacres in 1792, or even July 1789, when the first killing of the revolution occurred.

Some consider it to have begun only in 1793, giving the date as either 5 September, June or March, when the Revolutionary Tribunal came into existence. There is disagreement among historians over when exactly 'the Terror' began.

The Reign of Terror (French: la Terreur) was a period of the French Revolution when, following the creation of the First Republic, a series of massacres and numerous public executions took place in response to revolutionary fervour, anticlerical sentiment, and accusations of treason by the Committee of Public Safety. Nine émigrés are executed by guillotine, 1793

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